Expanding RTAs, trade flows, and the multinational enterprise

The Gravity Model and Iran's Trade Flows

This article has considered the volume and direction of Iran’s trade using the gravity model. The major issue in this analysis is to explore why Iran over or under-traded with the 76 countries relative to the predicted trade flows of the model. The study attempts to explore the reasons from the respect of both the model itself and Iran’s trade structure. This is done by analysing the performanc...

Foreign Direct Investment and the Multinational Enterprise

Institutional Distance and the Multinational Enterprise

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Consolidation and Harmonization of Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs): A Path Toward Global Free Trade

Some economists worry about the ‘spaghetti bowl phenomenon’ expected from proliferating regional trade agreements (RTAs). In particular, the complicated web of hub-and-spoke type of overlapping free trade agreements (FTAs) can result in high costs for verifying rules of origin (RoO) and trade diversion or suppression effects. This explains why almost half of the RTAs notified to the General Agr...

R&D Spillovers, Trade Integration And Expansion Of Trade Flows In East- West Asia And Pacific